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Preface
Acknowledgement
About the Authors
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Good and Poor Design
1.2.1. Good Design
1.2.2. Bad Design
1.2.3. Good Design Versus Bad Design
1.2.4. What to Design?
1.3. What is Interaction Design?
1.3.1. 5 dimensions of interaction design
1.3.2. Key Characteristics of Interaction Design
1.3.3. Usability Goals
1.3.4. User experience goals
1.4. The User Experience
1.4.1. Seven factors that influence User Experience
1.5. Process of Interaction Design
1.5.1. Interaction Design process
1.6. Interaction Design and User Experience
1.6.1. Design Principles
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
References
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Understanding The Problem Space And Conceptualizing Design
2.3. Conceptual Model
2.3.1. Users Tasks and Goals represented in hierarchical structure:
2.3.2. Grammatical and Linguistic
2.3.3. Device or physical level
2.4. Interface Types
2.4.1. Command-based
2.4.2. WIMP and GUI
2.4.3. Multimedia
2.4.4. Virtual reality
2.4.5. Information visualization and dashboards
2.4.6. Web
2.4.7. Consumer electronics and appliances
2.4.8. Mobile
2.4.9. Speech
2.4.10. Pen
2.4.11. Touch
2.4.12. Air-based gesture
2.4.13. Haptic
2.4.14. Multimodal
2.4.15. Shareable
2.4.16. Tangible
2.4.17. Augmented and mixed reality
2.4.18. Wearable
2.4.19. Robots and drones
2.4.20. Brain–computer interaction (BCI)
2.5. Cognitive Aspects
2.5.1. Cognition
2.5.2. Attention
2.5.3. Perception
2.5.4. Memory
2.5.5. Learning
2.5.6. Reading, speaking, and listening
2.5.7. Problem solving, planning, reasoning, and decision making
2.6. Social Interaction And The Emerging Social Phenomena
2.6.1. Face-to-Face Conversations
2.6.2. Remote Conversations
2.6.3. Telepresence
2.6.4. Co-presence
2.7. Emotions And The User Experience
2.8. Expressive And Frustrating Interfaces
2.8.1. Expressive Interfaces
2.8.2. Frustrating Interfaces
2.9. Persuasive Technologies
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
References
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Establishing Requirements
3.2.1. What, How and Why ?
3.2.2. Types of Requirements
3.3. Five Key Issues
3.4. Techniques For Data Gathering
3.4.1. Questionnaires
3.4.2. Interviews
3.4.3. Group interview
3.4.4. Observation
3.4.5. Studying documentation
3.4.6. Research similar products
3.5. Data Analysis
3.5.1. Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis
3.6. Data Interpretation And Presentation
3.6.1. Interpreting the data
3.6.2. Presenting the Findings
3.6.3. Rigorous Notations
3.6.4. Using Stories
3.6.5. Summarizing the Findings
3.7. Task Description And Task Analysis
3.7.1. Task Description
3.7.2. Task Analysis
Summary
Key points
Multiple Choice Questions
Review Questions
References
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Interaction Design Process
4.2.1. Establishing Requirements
4.2.2. Design Alternatives
4.2.3. Prototyping
4.2.4. Evaluation
4.3. Prototyping and Conceptual Design
4.3.1. Prototyping
4.3.2. Conceptual Design
4.4. Interface Metaphors and Analogies
4.4.1. What are Interface Metaphors and Analogies
4.4.2. Drawbacks of Interface Metaphors
Summary
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
References
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Design Principles
5.3. Usability
5.3.1. Principles to support usability
5.3.2. Usability Goals
5.4. Guidelines and Standards
5.4.1. Guidelines to design User Interface
5.4.2. Industrial Standards for Usability
5.5. Golden Rules And Heuristics
5.5.1. 8 Golden Rules of Shneiderma
5.5.2. 7 Principles of Norman
5.5.3. 10 Heuristics of Nielsen
5.6. ISO/IEC Standards
5.6.1. About ISO/IEC
5.6.2. Standards in ISO/IEC
Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice Questions
Review Questions
References
6.1. Introduction
6.2. The Why, What, Where And When Of Evaluation
6.2.1. Why evaluate?
6.2.2. What to evaluate?
6.2.3. Where to evaluate?
6.2.4. When to evaluate?
6.3. Types of Evaluation
6.3.1. Controlled Settings Involving Users
6.3.2. Natural Settings Involving Users
6.3.3. Any Settings Not Involving Users
6.3.4. Choosing and Combining Methods
6.3.5. Opportunistics Evaluations
6.4. Case Studies
6.4.1. An experiment of investigating a computer game
6.4.2. Study of skiers in the wild
6.5. DECIDE Framework
6.5.1. Determine the objectives of the evaluation
6.5.2. Explore the possible queries that need to be dealt with
6.5.3. Choose the assessment criteria and methods
6.5.4. Identify and address realistic shortcomings
6.5.5. Decide a way to deal with the shortcomings
6.5.6. Evaluation, interpretation, and presenting the data
6.6. Usability Testing
6.6.1. What is usability?
6.6.2. Purpose of Usability Testing
6.6.3. Methods, Tasks, and Users
6.6.4. Labs and Equipment
6.6.5. An Example of Usability Testing - iPad
6.7. Conducting Experiments
6.7.1. Hypotheses Testing
6.7.2. Experimental Design
6.7.3. Statistical Analysis
6.8. Field Studies
6.8.1. In the wild study
6.8.2. Other perspectives
6.9. Heuristic Evaluation And Walkthroughs
6.9.1. Heuristic Evaluation
6.9.2. Walkthroughs
6.10. Predictive Models.
6.10.1. Fitts’ Law
6.10.2. GOMS Model
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Question
References
Appendix: Case Studies Based on UX and UI
Case Study 1: .. To Study open source UX tools (Justinmind Prototype, Pidoco
and Marvel) and create UX design for a given problem definition.
Case Study 2: .. To design a UI (website) for renting premium and luxurious
wrist watches.
Case Study 3: .. To design a VUI (Voice User Interface)
Case Study 4: .. To study how Google’s material UI is expressive, flexible and unique.
Case Study 5: .. To study the design for an educational app: Nature Encyclopedia
Case Study 6: .. To study the UX design for a simple mobile application on cooking,
food shopping and recipes.
Case Study 7: .. To study how SwiftKey is using material design to increase
user interactions.
Case Study 8: .. Design UI for kindergarten students to teach mathematics.
Maths App for Kindergarten students.
Case Study 9: .. Design a Map based UI (Mobile User) for Transport applications
like Ola, Uber etc.
Case Study 10: Evaluate the product based on user experience principles and give
suggestions for improvement. Explain the usability testing process
for the same.
Case Study 11: Study and identify the challenges in design and evaluate UX
principles applied for helping visitors to engage with the past, present
and future. Suggest any such App design in Indian scenario for
any one Museum in India. Explain usability testing for the same.
Case Study 12: To design a UX for selling ornaments online which must be usable
and used, considering a woman as the main customer.
Case Study 13: To design a programming environment for use by teachers and
school children in rural India, which will run on mobile.
Case Study 14: Design a Map based UI (Web User) for Mumbai Dabbawalas
with localization features.
Case Study 15: To design a UI for the portfolio website for a College professor.
Case Study 16: To Study how Icons8 Redesigned the UX Design of
its Web App Based on Usability Testing.
Case Study 17: To study and redesign the UX usability of the Zara app
Case Study 18: To understand and redesign the UX of a cab booking app: Lyft.
Case Study 18: To Study and Redesign Facebook web’s onboarding and menu
Case Study 19: To Design a GUI to help teachers learn students’ names
Case Study 20: What, when & how to design progressive web apps —
To Design a Progressive Web App for a festival microsite.
Case Study 21: Design UI for any differently abled user in todays’ covid19 pandemic..
Answer Key
Dr. Nilakshi Jain is currently serving as an Associate Professor , Research Coordinator (Research Cell SAKEC) SAKEC National Cyber Defense Resource Center Coordinator and SAKEC- IQAC Coordinator in Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College , Chembur Mumbai , India. She is a certified Ethical Hacker. She graduated from the Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University’s Faculty of Computer Engineering PhD program. She has published various research papers in international journals and international conferences including IEEE, ACM , Springer and free journal. She has authored three books namely Digital Forensic(Wiley Publications), Artificial Intelligence (Wiley Publication) and Digital Forensic: Making as system Intelligent (Wiley Publication). She recently received “Best Employee award” . She has also delivered and conducted workshops, seminars and Expert Talks in various Institutes conducted many webinars . She has copyrighted many ideas and projects. Her full profile is available on : www.nilakshijain.com
Dr. Dhananjay Kalbande is currently a Professor in Computer Engineering and Dean(Industry Relations), Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Andheri (West),Mumbai, India. He was Head of the Department from April 2012 to Oct 2019. He completed his B.E. in Computer Technology from Nagpur University in 1997 and Master of Engineering in Information Technology in May 2005, from Vivekanand Education Society’s Institute of Technology(VESIT), Mumbai University, Mumbai, India. He has obtained a Ph.D in Technology from University of Mumbai, Mumbai in 2011. He has been awarded a Post-Doctorate (PDF)from Tata Institute of Social Sciences(T.I.S.S.) in 2016. He has also been honored as a Senior Research Fellow(SRF) on the NCW-TISS Project, funded by National Commission for Women, Govt. of India at T.I.S.S ,from July 23,2016 to Oct 10, 2016. He was a Research Fellow on the CliX Project at T.I.S.S. ,funded by Tata Trust and M.I.T.(U.S.A.) from Feb 20,2017 to May 19,2017. He has over 19+ Years of experience in teaching & research. His research interests include Soft computing (Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic),Computer Network, Human Machine Interaction Decision making and business Intelligence, Mobile application development for social cause. He has authored five books namely Graphical User Interface (Pareen Publications), MIS(Pareen Publications), Human Machine Interaction(Wiley Publications), Digital Forensic (Wiley Publications) and Internet of Everything StarEdu solutions . He has delivered and conducted workshops, seminars,Tutorials and Expert Talks on NS2, Neural Network, VB.Net and ADO.Net, Transfer Learning . Skinzy is his brainchild which has turned reality into Healthcare Start-up operated from Mumbai . Skinzy's flagship product "DermaPhoto" is an AI based mobile application that is able to detect skin diseases. He has patented 7 innovative ideas of research work. His full profile is available on : http://drkalbande.in/
SAKEC Editorial Support Team
Ms. Janhavi Kiran Desale is currently studying Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology from Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College (SAKEC), affiliated to Mumbai University. Her research interests include Database Management, Ethical Hacking, User Interaction Design and Cyber Security. She is the Public Relations Officer of the Research Cell at SAKEC. She has an interest in extracurricular activities and hence has participated in cultural activities in her institution. She also reached the final level of Smart India Hackathon (software edition) and has received an honourable mention in All India Essay Writing Event in 2018. She is an intern at the International Association of Human Values as a student mentor guiding 70+ interns in the project of Watershed Management in Maharashtra. Additionally, she is also an intern at the NGO Mumbai Rotibank.
Mr. Saish Khandare is currently pursuing Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology from Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College (SAKEC), affiliated to Mumbai University. His research interests include Software Engineering and Programming, Data Science, User Interaction Design, Cyber Security. Proficient in co-curricular activities he is the Vice President of the Research Cell at SAKEC. He is also an intern at the International Association of Human Values as a student mentor guiding 70+ interns in the project of Watershed Management in Maharashtra He is an intern at the NGO Mumbai Roti Bank. Apart from his academics he is also passionate about music and athletics. His full profile can be seen at www.linkedin.com /in/Saish-Khandare.
Mr. Kunal Gautam is currently pursuing Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology from Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College (SAKEC), affiliated to Mumbai University, Mumbai, India. He can be referred to as someone with an unquenchable appetite for knowledge. He relishes researching in domains like Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and User Interaction Designing. He is an intern at International Association of Human Values as a Student Mentor steering 70+ interns in the project of Watershed Management in Maharashtra. Additionally, he is also an intern at the NGO Mumbai Roti Bank and U&I (a volunteer driven organization to teach underprivileged children). A black belt in shotokan karate with 12 national medals and featured in 3 newspaper articles he has a versatile personality. His keen interest in the field of Cyber Security has provided him with an opportunity to fly abroad for his Master’s to MONASH University, Melbourne, Australia.
Mr. Vedant Parikh is currently pursuing Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology from Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College (SAKEC), affiliated to Mumbai University. His research interests include Artificial Intelligence, DevOps, Ethical Hacking and Cyber Security. He is the Secretary of the Research Cell at SAKEC. He is an intern at the International Association of Human Values as a student mentor guiding 70+ interns in the project of Watershed Management in Maharashtra. Additionally, he is also an intern at the NGO Mumbai Rotibank. He is also passionate about social service. His full profile can be seen at https://www.linkedin.com/in/vedant-a-parikh/.
Mr. Ansh Ved is a full stack developer and a graphics design enthusiast, who loves clean, simple & unique design. He is a 4th year student currently pursuing Engineering in Information Technology from Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College. With a strong foundational knowledge spanning over a diverse set of skills, dedicated and driven to write clean, readable code that can be used by others and leveraged to create functional software. He strives to create everything he builds with new state of the art features; heading towards the future of development. He wants to continue to learn as much as he can and grow in this field. He is looking towards a career in Information Technology that will allow me to channel his creativity by crafting innovative software and gaining experiences. Checkout his amazing work on : anshved.github.io/
